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Among the focal points of this volume are the activities of the Mainz Central Investigation Commission, the deliberations of the Federal Assembly and the Federal Military Commission with regard to the takeover and equipping of the federal fortresses, the economic policy issues widely discussed within the Federation and among the German public, and constitutional policy problems in the individual states. Der Band dokumentiert die Entwicklung der inneren Bundespolitik in den Jahren von 1824 bis 1830, über die bislang relativ wenig bekannt ist. In insgesamt 170 Dokumenten wird ein breites Panorama von Themen behandelt, die in der Bundesversammlung und ihren Kommissionen, in den einzelstaatlichen Ministerien und Parlamenten, in diplomatischen Korrespondenzen sowie in der Presse und Publizistik diskutiert wurden. Zu den Schwerpunkten des Bandes zählen: - Die Tätigkeit der Mainzer Zentraluntersuchungskommission und deren Ergebnisse. - Die Beratungen der Bundesversammlung und der Bundesmilitärkommission im Hinblick auf die Übernahme und Ausrüstung der Bundesfestungen Mainz, Luxemburg und Landau. - Die wirtschaftspolitischen Fragen, die innerhalb des Bundes und in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit breit diskutiert wurden, vor allem die zoll- und handelspolitische Integration im Deutschen Bund, die Frage des Nachdruckschutzes und die Regulierung der Flussschifffahrt. - Verfassungspolitische Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Landständen und den Landesherrn. Den ausführlich kommentierten Dokumenten ist eine umfangreiche Einleitung vorangestellt, in welcher die Problemlagen und Zielsetzungen der Bundespolitik, ihr föderatives Integrationspotential sowie ihr Konfliktpotential im Hinblick auf liberale und nationale Tendenzen diskutiert werden.

Federalism. --- German Confederation. --- Vormärz.

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With the increased mobility and interdependence brought on by globalisation, governments can no longer deal effectively with what were traditionally regarded as «domestic issues» unless they cooperate among themselves. International law may once have been a sort of inter-state law concerned mostly with relations between states, but it now looks increasingly inside state borders and has become, to a large degree, a trans-governmental law. While this creates significant challenges even for highly-unified «nation-states», the challenges are even greater for federations in which powers have been divided up between the central government and federated states. What roles should central governments and federated states play in creating and implementing this new form of governance? Using the Canadian federation as its starting point, this case study illustrates a range of factors to be considered in the appropriate distribution of treaty powers within a federation. Professor Cyr also shows how - because it has no specific provisions dealing with the distribution of treaty powers - the Canadian constitution has «organically» developed a tight-knit set of rules and principles responding to these distributional factors. This book is therefore both about the role of federated states in the current world order and an illustration of how organic constitutionalism works.

Diplomatic relations. --- Constitutional law. --- International and municipal law. --- Federalism. --- Canada.

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Why federalism is pulling America apart—and how the system can be reformedFederalism was James Madison's great invention. An innovative system of power sharing that balanced national and state interests, federalism was the pragmatic compromise that brought the colonies together to form the United States. Yet, even beyond the question of slavery, inequality was built into the system because federalism by its very nature meant that many aspects of an American's life depended on where they lived. Over time, these inequalities have created vast divisions between the states and made federalism fundamentally unstable. In The Divided States of America, Donald Kettl chronicles the history of a political system that once united the nation—and now threatens to break it apart.Exploring the full sweep of federalism from the founding to today, Kettl focuses on pivotal moments when power has shifted between state and national governments—from the violent rebalancing of the Civil War, when the nation almost split in two, to the era of civil rights a century later, when there was apparent agreement that inequality was a threat to liberty and the federal government should set policies for states to enact. Despite this consensus, inequality between states has only deepened since that moment. From health care to infrastructure to education to the environment, the quality of public services is ever more uneven. Having revealed the shortcomings of Madison's marvel, Kettl points to possible solutions in the writings of another founder: Alexander Hamilton.Making an urgent case for reforming federalism, The Divided States of America shows why we must—and how we can—address the crisis of American inequality.

Federal government --- History. --- United States --- Social policy. --- California emissions. --- California environmental standards. --- EPA. --- Flint water. --- advantages and disadvantages of federalism. --- benefits of federalism. --- education inequality. --- environmental inequality. --- federal law versus state law. --- federalism is broken. --- fixing federalism. --- health care inequality. --- income inequality. --- infrastructure inequality. --- problems of federalism. --- pros and cons of federalism. --- water quality standards. --- what is federalism. --- States' rights (American politics) --- Equality --- Government policy

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Federal government --- Federal government. --- european union --- federal studies --- comparative federalism --- regionalism --- supranational integration

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Mexico's economy has grown moderately over the last quarter century, with annual per capita GDP growth averaging just 1.2 percent between 1990 and 2017. The country's weak economic performance reflected a decline in productivity, which fell by 8 percent during that period. Mexico's productivity challenges are associated with large and widening regional disparities and the misallocation of resources between sectors and firms. Large productive firms integrated with Global Value Chains have not developed backward linkages to the rest of the economy and lagging regions. Meanwhile, widespread labor and firm informality contributes to the misallocation of productive resources. Reversing the decline in productivity will require an integrated strategy encompassing multiple policy areas and sectors. This broad strategy should include strategies discussed in other policy notes: (i) alleviating rigidities and distortions in labor markets and improving access to credit; (ii) alleviating existing rigidities and obstacles to competition across sectors and sub-sectors while following through with the structural reforms enacted; (iii) designing and implementing effective interventions at the subnational levels to enhance both product and factor markets; (iv) dealing with the financing of social insurance schemes; and (iv) strengthening rule of law institutions at the federal and local levels. This note focuses on critical aspects of the diagnostic around the productivity dynamics in Mexico. It also links the aspects of the strategy above-highlighted to specific policy recommendations on other Policy Notes of this set given the cross-cutting nature of productivity growth. It also focuses on providing policy directions on: (i) strengthening institutions and programs working directly on the productivity agenda; (ii) selected sub-national interventions to ease the regulatory burden; and (iii) proposing a broad and integrated strategy for fostering formalization.

Climate Change --- Federalism --- Fiscal Sustainability --- Labor Policy --- Productivity --- Water Resource Management